In archetypal criticism, under the reductive method of analysis, a critic, while elucidating a text, moves from the particular truth to the general truth. What bloody business ever. His expression of his jealousy quickly devolves from the conventional"Farewell the tranquil mind"to the absurd: Farewell the plum'd troops and the big wars. . In-text citation: Human emotions have a lot of power over how we react to situations in life, the trick is learning how to not let them take over. Even French feminist Julia Kristeva has been brought to praise a Jungian contribution to feminist discourse on the maternal: recognition that the Catholic churchs change of signification in the assumption of the Virgin Mary to include her human body represented a major shift in attitude toward female corporaiity (113). Misled by the handkerchief, his love token to Desdemona, that Iago has planted in Cassios room and by a partially overheard conversation between Iago and Cassio, Othello, by the end of act 3, forsakes his wife and engages himself in a perverse version of the marriage ceremony of act 2 to Iago. Othello, unlike the other Shakespearean comedies, adds three more acts to the romantic drama, shifting from comic affirmation to tragic negation. These patterns include persistent images, figures, and story patterns shared by people across diverse cultures. Othello: I greet thy love, The term "archetype" can be traced to Plato (arche, "original"; typos, "form"), but the concept gained currency in twentieth-century literary theory and criticism through the work . The concept of the archetype is a venerable philosophical principle that came into new prominence and usage in the twentieth century with the development of archetypal literary criticism through the theories of psychologist C. G. Jung and literary theorist Northrop Frye. However, for Othello this is not the case. Desdemona replies that it was her fault: Nobody I myself. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX, ("An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare. In his "The . Iago's intelligence and wit allows him to make good sport of the protagonists of the play, sending Othello to his doom and that of his family. The dynamic of Othellos character significantly changes throughout the play. Unfortunately, this got the ball rolling for Othellos inevitable downfall. "An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare." She does not fight back nor call for help, Desdemona begs for her life asking to Kill me (Desdemona) tomorrow; let me live tonight! (V.ii.97). Thus criticism evolving from his work is more accurately named archetypal and is quite distinct from myth criticism. Alfiero, like Iago, similarly arouses the Moors suspicions by stealing Disdemonas handkerchief and planting it in Cassios bed-room. According to Aristotle, a tragic protagonist is a nobleman or person from high status, who contributes to his own demise and illustrates a flaw or weakness in judgment. Othello, though, decides to kill her. Archetypal critics are also interested in certain myths and rituals that recur in a wide variety of cultures. Indeed, the psychological resonances of the drama, along with its provocative racial and gender themes, have caused Othello, perhaps more than any other of Shakespeares plays, to reverberate the loudest with current audiences and commentators. Othello Zootopia Act 1 The wall Othello is referring to are the Walls of Nicosia which surround the capital city Nicosia in Cyprus. But Jung's theory of the archetypes of the collective unconscious differs . Home Archetypal Criticism Archetypal Criticism, By NASRULLAH MAMBROL on October 22, 2020 ( 0 ). My soul hath content so absolute Othello A Christian Moor who has earned a high reputation as a general in the Venetian army and has recently married Desdemona, daughter of the Venetian senator Brabantio. Having triumphantly bested the social and natural forces aligned against them, having staked all to the devotion of the other, Desdemona and Othello will not be left to live happily ever after, and the tragedy will grow out of the conditions that made the comedy. The formerly self-sufficient Othello has now staked his life to his faith in Desdemona and their union, and she has done the same. Frazers and Jungs texts formed the basis of two allied but ultimately different courses of influence on literary history. Archetypal criticism, then, construed as that derived from Jungs theory and practice of archetypal (analytical) psychology, is a fledgling and much misconstrued field of inquiry with significant but still unrealized potential for the study of literature and of aesthetics in general. He turns to Iago, who has been brought before him to know the reason for his actions. Othello is a man of high rank in Venice. Let him command, And to obey shall be in me remorse, Not with vain thanks, but with acceptance bounteous, And smote himthus. Earnest Cassirer, a social anthropologist was an important influence on myth criticism. Frye's work helped displace New Criticism as the major mode of analyzing literary texts . The tragic protagonist must make a fall from a high state of being to a low state or death. As scholar Edward Pechter has argued, During the past twenty-five years or so, Othello has become the Shakespearean tragedy of choice, replacing King Lear in the way Lear had earlier replaced Hamlet as the play that speaks most directly and powerfully to current interests.. Act 3, one of the wonders of the stage, anatomizes Othellos psychic descent from perfect contentment in his new wife to complete loathing, from a worldview in which everything is as it appears to one in which nothing is as it seems. Archetypal criticism proceeds from the initial assumption that every work of literature can be categorized and fitted into a large framework that encompasses all literature. Now art thou my lieutenant. And let the labouring barque climb hills of seas Indeed, myth criticism seems singularly unaffected by any of the archetypal theorists who have remained faithful to the origins and traditions of depth, especially analytical, psychologyJames Hillman, Henri Corbin, Gilbert Durand, Rafael Lopez-Pedraza, Evangelos Christou. An archetypal critic would also say that the recurring patterns in literature prove that there are universal Othello was crafted at the dawn of the 17th century, shaped by complex social and geopolitical issues that new historicist critics, who seek to place literary works within a historical framework, have recently sought to unravel. In this essay let us examine the various themes and determine which are dominant and which subordinate. When he realizes the grave mistake he had made by taking an honest Desdemona's life he can no longer live with himself. This heuristic distinction was formed, however, solely on psychobiographical grounds: Did the text originate in, and remain principally shaped by, the authors experience of consciousness and the personal unconscious or his or her experience at the level of the archetypal collective unconscious? Despite this, Desdemona continued to stay true to Othello. Perplexed in the extreme; of one whose hand, Consistent with his role as guardian of order in the state, Othello carries out his own execution, by analogy judging his act as a violation reflected by Venices savage enemy: And say besides, that in Aleppo once, After Othello was convinced that Desdemona was cheating on him, Othello had started to show his disappointment with her. the characters in Shakespeare's play Othello ever challenge the right of a husband to murder a wife accused of adultery. Ironically, as in the feminist revisioning of explicitly male-biased Jungian theory, the rise in the 1980s of Reader-response theory and criticism and the impetus for canon revision have begun to contribute to a revaluation of Jung as a source of literary study. Iago tries to prove Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio which increases Othello's torments of jealousy. New theoretical approaches appear to legitimize orthodox Jungian ways of reading, sanction Jungs range of literary preferences from She to Faust, and support his highly affective reaction to Ulysses, which he himself identified (positively) as a subjective confession (i5:io9n). Because of that, it has generated a lot of literary criticism in the 400 years since it was written and first . Further, myth critics, aligned with writers in comparative anthropology and philosophy, are said to include Frazer, Jessie Weston, Leslie Fiedler, Ernst Cassirer, Claude Lvi-Strauss, Richard Chase, Joseph Campbell, Philip Wheelwright, and Francis Fergusson. I will withdraw Othello is decisive, confident, and secure in his identity, duty, and place in the world. (2.1.191-93) Setting the scene. Issues of genre, period, and language were ignored or subjected to gross generalization as Jung searched for universals in texts as disparate as the fourth-century Shepherd of Hermas, the Divine Comedy, Francesco Colonnas Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (1499), E. T. A. Hoffmans tales, Pierre Benoits LAtlantide (1919-20), and Henry Wadsworth Longfellows Hiawatha, as well as works by Carl Spitteler and William Blake. No more of that. On a general level, Jungs and Fryes theorizings about archetypes, however labeled, overlap, and boundaries are elusive, but in the disciplines of literature the two schools have largely ignored each others work. An archetypal critic would suggest that all human experience is linked through literature and that this experience is expressed again and again using the same patterns throughout time and space. R. F. C. Hull, 2 vois., 1973-75). Abstract. Other forms previously labeled Jungian are here subsumed under the term archetypal because whatever their immediate specific focus, these forms operate on a set of assumptions derived from Jung and accept the depth-psychological structure posited by Jung. What makes Othello so unique structurally (and painful to witness) is that it is a tragedy built on a comic foundation. BASIC PREMISES OF ARCHETYPAL THEORY: 1. Citations Moreover, Shakespeare, by deliberately clouding the issue of Iagos motive, finds ever more sinister threats in such a characters apparently bottomless and unmerited hatred and capacity for evil. Seeing her dying, Emilia asks who would do this. And so much duty as my mother showd When citing an essay from our library, you can use "Kibin" as the author. The major work of Frye's to deal with archetypes is Anatomy of Criticism but his essay The Archetypes of Literature is a precursor to the book. And new theories increasingly give credence to the requirement, historically asserted by Jungian readers, that each text elicit a personal, affective, and not merely intellectual response. The scene crowns love triumphant. The movie Zootopia uses animals to portray racism and sexism; predators do not like prey and vice versa. That not another comfort like to this The storm that divides the Venetian fleet also disperses the Turkish threat and clears the way for the lovers happy reunion and peaceful enjoyment of their married state. Othello is first shown as a hero of war and a man of, The extent of which Othello is a tragic hero has been open to much debate; the basis on which he is judged falls to Aristotles established view of the crucial elements that distinguish whether a person is truly tragic. This type of criticism was first experimented by Maud Bodkin, in his book Archetypal Patterns in Poetry (1934). Othello falls in love with Desdemona and they secretly marry; later, he leaves to Cyprus to stop the Turks. Othello is now reduced to questioning his wife's maid, Emilia, looking for evidence of Desdemona's infidelity. Child and Youth Care and Disability CYC 3000 Assignment: Getting to Know Disability Justice A deep dive into activists introduced by L. Lakshmi Piepzna-Samarasinha Due Week 2, Friday at 11:59p It is important that you begin to learn about the various people and organizations that are leading the conversation on disability justice. Come, go with me apart. Archetypal analysis is an appropriate model for customer heterogeneity whenever the underlying structure is best defined by the extremes. My life and education both do learn me I pray you, in your letters, As hells from heaven. The term 'archetype' is taken from the Greek words 'arche' (beginning) and 'typos' (imprint). 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Desperate to cling to the security of his former identity as a soldier while his current identity as a lover crumbles, Othello begins to confuse the one with the other. Van Meurs also does a service by resurrecting successful but neglected early studies, such as Elizabeth Drews of T. S. Eliot (1949), and discovering value even in reductionist and impressionistic studies, such as June Singers of Blake.
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